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Leavenworth is the largest city in and the county seat of Leavenworth County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 35,251.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=United States Census Bureau )〕 Located on the west bank of the Missouri River northwest of Kansas City, Missouri, it is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Geobytes )〕 The site of Fort Leavenworth, built in 1827, the city became known in American history for its role as a key supply base in the settlement of the American West. It is important in nineteenth-century African-American history. During the American Civil War, it was the destination of numerous African-American refugee slaves who escaped from Missouri and other slave states. By the end of the war, it had one-fifth of African Americans living in the state and was a center of political activities to gain suffrage and other rights; the former achieved in 1870. The city has been notable as the location of several prisons, particularly the United States Disciplinary Barracks and United States Penitentiary, Leavenworth.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' )〕 ==History== Leavenworth, founded in 1854, was the first city incorporated in the newly-formed state of Kansas.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Visitors )〕 The city developed south of Fort Leavenworth, which was established as Cantonment Leavenworth in 1827 by Colonel Henry Leavenworth. Its location on the Missouri River made it a destination for refugee African-American slaves seeking freedom from the slave state of Missouri in the antebellum years. Abolition supporters helped them find refuge. In the years before the American Civil War, Leavenworth was a hotbed of anti-slavery and pro-slavery agitation, often leading to open physical confrontations on the street and in public meetings. On April 3, 1858, it was in Leavenworth, Kansas that the "Leavenworth Constitution" for the state of Kansas was adopted. Although the federal government never approved this early version of the state constitution, it was considered one of the most radical of the four constitutions drafted for the new territory because it included freed blacks as citizens. Refugee African Americans continued to settle in the city during the war. By 1865 it had attracted nearly one-fifth of the 12,000 blacks in the state.〔Richard B. Sheridan, ("Charles Henry Langston and the African American Struggle in Kansas" ), ''Kansas State History'', Winter 1999, accessed 15 December 2008.〕 Charles Henry Langston was an important African-American leader in Leavenworth and northeast Kansas in the Reconstruction era and afterward. Born free in Virginia to a wealthy white planter father and his common-law wife, Langston and his brother James were educated at Oberlin College. In Kansas, Langston worked for black suffrage and the right to sit on juries, testify in court, and have their children educated in common schools.〔(Eugene H. Berwanger, "Hardin and Langston: Western Black Spokesmen of the Reconstruction Era" ), ''Journal of Negro History'' 64 (Spring 1979), , accessed 19 October 2015〕 African Americans gained suffrage in 1870 after passage of the federal 15th constitutional amendment, and the legislature voted for their right to sit on juries in 1874.ref name="berwanger"/> African Americans continued to migrate to the state after the war; there were a total of 17,108 blacks in Kansas in 1870, with 43,107 in 1880, and 52,003 by 1900. Most lived in urban areas.〔 Fort Leavenworth was located outside the city limits until its territory was annexed by the city on April 12, 1977.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=United States v. City of Leavenworth, Kansas )〕 In 2008, an underground series of "vaults" was found in the city, apparently built during the late 19th century. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Leavenworth, Kansas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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